Sad fetus syndrome: A case report / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

@#Sad fetus syndrome is a rare gestational trophoblastic disease wherein a hydatidiform mole coexists with a live fetus. We report a case of a 40‑year‑old G4P2 (2012) with 29 weeks gestational age who came in with vaginal bleeding and labor pains. A previous ultrasound done at 16 weeks of gestation showed a live fetus, a normal placenta, and a focal multicystic uterine mass. The beta‑human chorionic gonadotropin level was 1,500,000 mIU/mL. She delivered a live preterm female fetus weighing 900 g by partial breech extraction. The placenta was grossly normal. Postpartum hemorrhage secondary to uterine atony was encountered and a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy was performed. Cut section of the specimen revealed molar tissue at the anterofundal area with evidence of gross myometrial invasion. The histopathologic finding was consistent with a diagnosis of partial hydatidiform mole. This paper describes the incidence, pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and postpartum course of this rare condition.

Evaluation of depressive symptoms in a sample with social anxiety disorder / Avaliação de sintomas depressivos em uma amostra com transtorno de ansiedade social / Evaluación de sintomas depresivos en una muestra con transtorno de ansiedad social

Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) often also experience depression. This study's objective was to verify the levels of depression present in a sample of individuals diagnosed with SAD and to characterize this sample according to sociodemographic variables. There were 104 participants diagnosed with SAD from a pre-existing database. The sociodemographic and clinical data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, as well as inferential statistics on levels of social anxiety and depressive symptoms, obtained through the Social Anxiety Inventory (SPIN) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). It was found that more than half of the people had Major Depressive Disorder as a secondary diagnosis and that higher levels of social anxiety correlated positively with higher levels of depressive symptoms. These data show the relationship between depression and social anxiety and corroborate the findings of the literature.

Os indivíduos com transtorno de ansiedade social (TAS) frequentemente apresentam também depressão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os níveis de depressão presentes em uma amostra de indivíduos diagnosticados com TAS, assim como ca racterizar essa amostra de acordo com as variáveis sociodemográficas. Contou-se com 104 participantes diagnosticados com TAS, provenientes de um banco de dados preexistente. Os dados sociodemográficos e clínicos foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, bem como se utilizou estatística inferencial nos níveis de ansiedade social e sintomas depressivos, obtidos por meio do Inventário de Fobia Social (SPIN) e do Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI-II). Constatou-se que mais da metade das pessoas possuía transtorno depressivo maior como diagnóstico secundário e que maiores níveis de ansiedade social se correlacionaram positivamente com maiores níveis de sintomas depressivos. Tais dados evidenciam a relação existente entre depressão e ansiedade social, e corroboram os achados da literatura.

Las personas con trastorno de ansiedad social (TAS) a menudo también experimentan depresión. El objetivo de este trabajo fue verificar los niveles de depresión presentes en una muestra de individuos diagnosticados con TAS, así caracterizar esta muestra de acuerdo con las variables sociodemográficas. Hubo 104 participantes diagnosticados con TAS provenientes de una base de datos preexistente. Los datos sociodemográficos y clínicos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva, así como estadísticas inferenciales sobre los niveles de ansiedad social y síntomas depresivos, obtenidos a través del Inventario de Ansiedad Social (SPIN) y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI-II). Se encontró que más de la mitad de las personas tenían un trastorno depresivo mayor como diagnóstico secundario, y que los niveles más altos de ansiedad social se correlacionaron positivamente con niveles más altos de síntomas depresivos. Estos datos destacan la relación entre la depresión y la ansiedad social, y corroboran los hallazgos de la literatura.

SAD-B modulates epileptic seizure by regulating AMPA receptors in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and in the PTZ-induced epileptic model

α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors are the predominant mediators of glutamate-induced excitatory neurotransmission. It is widely accepted that AMPA receptors are critical for the generation and spread of epileptic seizure activity. Dysfunction of AMPA receptors as a causal factor in patients with intractable epilepsy results in neurotransmission failure. Brain-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (SAD-B), a serine-threonine kinase specifically expressed in the brain, has been shown to regulate AMPA receptor-mediated neurotransmission through a presynaptic mechanism. In cultured rat hippocampal neurons, the overexpression of SAD-B significantly increases the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs). Here, we showed that SAD-B downregulation exerted antiepileptic activity by regulating AMPA receptors in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and in the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epileptic model. We first used immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry analysis to demonstrate that SAD-B expression was increased in the epileptic rat brain. Subsequently, to explore the function of SAD-B in epilepsy, we used siRNA to knock down SAD-B protein and observed behavior after PTZ-induced seizures. We found that SAD-B downregulation attenuated seizure severity and susceptibility in the PTZ-induced epileptic model. Furthermore, we showed that the antiepileptic effect of SAD-B downregulation on PTZ-induced seizure was abolished by CNQX (an AMPA receptor inhibitor), suggesting that SAD-B modulated epileptic seizure by regulating AMPA receptors in the brain. Taken together, these findings suggest that SAD-B may be a potential and novel therapeutic target to limit epileptic seizures.

Identification and functional analysis of soybean stearoyl-ACP Δ⁹ desaturase (GmSAD) gene family / 生物工程学报

Stearoyl-ACP Δ⁹ desaturase (SAD) catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated oleic acid or palmitoleic acid in plastids. SAD is the key enzyme to control the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids in plant cells. In order to analyze the regulation mechanism of soybean oleic acid synthesis, soybean (Glycine max) GmSAD family members were genome-wide identified, and their conserved functional domains and physicochemical properties were also analyzed by bioinformatics tools. The spatiotemporal expression profile of each member of GmSADs was detected by qRT-PCR. The expression vectors of GmSAD5 were constructed. The enzyme activity and biological function of GmSAD5 were examined by Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana tabacum leaves and genetic transformation of oleic acid-deficient yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant BY4389. Results show that the soybean genome contains five GmSAD family members, all encoding an enzyme protein with diiron center and two conservative histidine enrichment motifs (EENRHG and DEKRHE) specific to SAD enzymes. The active enzyme protein was predicted as a homodimer. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that five GmSADs were divided into two subgroups, which were closely related to AtSSI2 and AtSAD6, respectively. The expression profiles of GmSAD members were significantly different in soybean roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds at different developmental stages. Among them, GmSAD5 expressed highly in the middle and late stages of developmental seeds, which coincided with the oil accumulation period. Transient expression of GmSAD5 in tobacco leaves increased the oleic acid and total oil content in leaf tissue by 5.56% and 2.73%, respectively, while stearic acid content was reduced by 2.46%. Functional complementation assay in defective yeast strain BY4389 demonstrated that overexpression of GmSAD5 was able to restore the synthesis of monounsaturated oleic acid, resulting in high oil accumulation. Taken together, soybean GmSAD5 has strong selectivity to stearic acid substrates and can efficiently catalyze the biosynthesis of monounsaturated oleic acid. It lays the foundation for the study of soybean seed oleic acid and total oil accumulation mechanism, providing an excellent target for genetic improvement of oil quality in soybean.

Validación del Inventario de Fobia y Ansiedad Social- Forma Breve para universitarios argentinos / Validação do Inventário de Fobia e Ansiedade Social- Forma Breve para universitários argentinos / Validation of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory- Brief Form for Argentinean college

Las problemáticas que afectan la capacidad de las personas para desempeñarse adecuadamente en las interacciones sociales, tales como el trastorno de ansiedad social (Social Anxiety Disorder, SAD), constituyen un ámbito de estudio que ha cobrado gran interés, debido a la importancia que las relaciones sociales tienen en todas las áreas de desempeño de los seres humanos. Sin embargo, se observa una escasez generalizada de estudios sobre ansiedad social en países latinoamericanos, en parte, debido a la ausencia de instrumentos construidos o adaptados a la población general o a conjuntos específicos. En función de ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Fobia y Ansiedad Social- Forma Breve (SPAI- B) para su utilización en estudiantes universitarios argentinos. Los resultados evidenciaron propiedades psicométricas adecuadas de validez y confiabilidad y se aportó evidencia de validez de grupos contrastados y convergente. Se discuten las limitaciones del estudio y nuevas líneas de investigación. (AU)

As problemáticas que afetam a capacidade das pessoas para terem um desempenho adequado nas interações sociais, como o transtorno de ansiedade social (Social Anxiet Disorder, SAD), constituem um âmbito de estudo que ganhou grande interesse devido à importância que as relações sociais têm em todas as áreas de desempenho dos seres humanos. No entanto, há um déficit generalizado de estudos sobre ansiedade social em países latino-americanos, devido a uma ausência de instrumentos construídos ou adaptados à população geral ou grupos específicos. Com base nisso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as propriedades psicométricas do Inventario de Fobia e Ansiedade Social - Forma Breve (SPAI- B) para sua utilização com estudantes universitários argentinos. Os resultados mostraram propriedades psicométricas adequadas de validade e fidedignidade e gerou evidência de validade de grupos contrastados e validade convergente. As limitações do estudo e novas linhas de pesquisa são discutidas. (AU)

The problems that affect people's ability to perform adequately in social interactions, such as Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), constitute an area of study that has gained great interest, due to the importance that social relations have in all areas of performance of human beings. However, there is a general scarcity of studies on social anxiety in Latin American countries, partly because of the absence of instruments built or adapted to the general population or specific groups. Due to this, the objective of the present investigation was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory-Short form (SPAI - B) to be used in Argentine college students. The results showed appropriate validity and reliability psychometric properties and it also has been provided evidence of contrasting groups and convergent validity. The limitations of the study and new lines of research are discussed. (AU)

Renin angiotensin system and cardiac hypertrophy after sinoaortic denervation in rats

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of angiotensin I, II and 1-7 on left ventricular hypertrophy of Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats submitted to sinoaortic denervation. METHODS: Ten weeks after sinoaortic denervation, hemodynamic and morphofunctional parameters were analyzed, and the left ventricle was dissected for biochemical analyses. RESULTS: Hypertensive groups (controls and denervated) showed an increase on mean blood pressure compared with normotensive ones (controls and denervated). Blood pressure variability was higher in denervated groups than in their respective controls. Left ventricular mass and collagen content were increased in the normotensive denervated and in both spontaneously hypertensive groups compared with Wistar controls. Both hypertensive groups presented a higher concentration of angiotensin II than Wistar controls, whereas angiotensin 1-7 concentration was decreased in the hypertensive denervated group in relation to the Wistar groups. There was no difference in angiotensin I concentration among groups. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that not only blood pressure variability and reduced baroreflex sensitivity but also elevated levels of angiotensin II and a reduced concentration of angiotensin 1-7 may contribute to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. These data indicate that baroreflex dysfunction associated with changes in the renin angiotensin system may be predictive factors of left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac failure.

The implicit memory of individual depression in percept-driven process under the influence of sad mood induction / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of sad mood to implicit memory of depressed individuals under the condition of percept-driven process. Methods Using the percept-driven implicit paradigm improved by Paller,26 depression subjects and 25 normal subjects completed study-test task and reported the gender of different emotional faces. Results ①There were main effects of time(F = 4.61, P<0.05)and mood state(F= 21.61, P <0.05) ,significant interaction of time and emotion(F = 4. 13, P<0. 05) ,no significant difference of group on visual analogue scale(VAS) mood ratings. ②Among the accuracy rate of subjects' gender judging to different emotional faces,there were significant main effects on time(F = 4.12, P<0.05)and experiment type (F = 20.55, P < 0.05) , and there was significant interaction of time and experiment type (F=31.72,P<0.05). ③Further simple effects analysis showed that the positive((80 ± 13)%vs(92 ± 10)% , F=65.06, P<0.05) ,negative((58 ± 12)%vs(91 ±10)%,F=10.00,P<0.05),neutral((84±16)%vs(88±9)%, F= 12.49, P < 0. 05) faces when the presentation time was 3600ms in experiment type had significant simple effects; the positive ((76 ± 12)%vs(85±10)%,F=54.72, P<0.05) ,neutral((82 ± 10)% vs(80 ± 10)% , F = 54.57, P<0.05)faces when the presentation time was 300 ms in experiment types had significant simple effects, while the accuracy of neutral faces had significant simple effect between the two groups. Conclusion Sad mood enhance the implicit memory of both depressed and normal subjects to positive and negative faces,and the accuracy rate in implicit processing to neutral faces of depressed group were lower than that of normal group.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme(ACE) Gene Polymorphism and Seasonal Variation in Mood and Behavior / 수면정신생리

OBJECTIVES: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism has been reported to be associated with depression and therapeutic outcome in depression. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ACE gene polymorphism is associated with seasonal variation in mood and behavior in a young Korean college student sample. METHODS: 297 young Korean medical students were recruited in this study. All subjects were free of major medical and psychiatric problems. They were genotyped for the ACE gene polymorphism and evaluated the seasonal variation in mood and behavior by the Seasonality Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). RESULTS: Global Seasonality Score (GSS) of SPAQ between three genotypes were not different. However, comparison of the group that showed seasonality of mood and behavior during winter with the group that did not showed seasonality indicated significant difference in genotype distribution (chi-square=6.79, p=0.034). The D allele non-carrier (II genotype) frequency was significantly higher in winter seasonality group than non-seasonality group (chi-square=6.59, p=0.010; odds ratio [OR]=2.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-4.28). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the ACE gene polymorphism is related to winter-type seasonality in a Korean population.

Differences Between Field-dependent and Field-independent Individuals in Shame and Sad Memories / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To examine whether there are differences between dependent and independent individual’s shame and sad memories. Methods: Self -report measures were used. Results: ① There were significant interactions between emotion and cognitive style of the number of words recalled, number of times that others were mentioned. ②Field dependent individuals mention more emotional behaviors and presence of others. ③The subjects mentioned more emotion words and time in sad memories. ④In shame memories, there were less self-references than others-references, marginally less self in thinking than self in other descriptions. ⑤In sad memories, field dependent individuals reported less selfreferences than others-references, and less self in thinking than self in other descriptions. ⑥There were more emotional behaviors and self-thinking in sad memories than in shame memories. Conclusion: Field dependent and independent individuals demonstrate differences in emotional memory, and the difference is emotion specificity.